我國城鎮常住人口增至8.3億 戶籍制度改革全面落地

　　工資性收入成為農村居民最重要收入來源

　　國(guo)家(jia)統計局7月8日發布(bu)《新中國(guo)成立70周年(nian)經濟社會發展成就系列報告(gao)之(zhi)二(er)》。報告(gao)顯示，改革開放以來(lai)，我國(guo)城(cheng)鎮化(hua)進程明顯加快。1978-2018年(nian)，城(cheng)鎮常住人(ren)口(kou)從(cong)1.7億人(ren)增加到8.3億人(ren)，城(cheng)鎮化(hua)率從(cong)17.92%提升到59.58%。黨(dang)的(de)十八(ba)大(da)以來(lai)，戶籍制度(du)改革全面落地(di)，農業轉移人(ren)口(kou)市民化(hua)提速。此外，工資性收(shou)入已成為(wei)農村居民最重要的(de)收(shou)入來(lai)源。

　　改(gai)革開(kai)放(fang)前，我國城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)差(cha)距很(hen)大(da)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化發展緩慢，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)處于分割狀態。改(gai)革開(kai)放(fang)后，戶籍束縛逐(zhu)漸(jian)松綁，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化開(kai)始加(jia)速(su)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)之間勞動(dong)力(li)、土地、資(zi)金等要(yao)素市場界(jie)限(xian)被打破(po)，帶動(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)差(cha)距大(da)幅度縮(suo)小，一些地區率(lv)先(xian)實現了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)一體化。1978-2018年，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)常住人(ren)口從1.7億人(ren)增(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)8.3億人(ren)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化率(lv)從17.92%提(ti)升到(dao)(dao)59.58%，提(ti)高41.66個百分點；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市數(shu)量(liang)(liang)從193個增(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)672個，建制鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)從2176個增(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)21297個。

　　黨的十八(ba)大以來(lai)，戶(hu)籍(ji)制度(du)改革全面(mian)落地，農業轉(zhuan)移人口(kou)市民化(hua)提速。2012-2018年，戶(hu)籍(ji)人口(kou)城鎮化(hua)率由(you)35.33%提高(gao)到(dao)43.37%，與常(chang)住人口(kou)城鎮化(hua)率的差距由(you)17.24個百分點縮小到(dao)16.21個百分點。

　　隨著城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化的快速推進(jin)，我(wo)國城(cheng)鎮(zhen)布局結構不(bu)斷優化，集聚效(xiao)應明顯增(zeng)強，形成(cheng)了長(chang)三角、珠三角、京津冀、成(cheng)渝、長(chang)江中(zhong)游、中(zhong)原、哈長(chang)、北部灣等城(cheng)市(shi)群，成(cheng)為推動經(jing)濟(ji)發展的重(zhong)要引(yin)擎，部分城(cheng)市(shi)群已經(jing)具備強大(da)的國際經(jing)濟(ji)影響力。

　　此外，報告還(huan)顯示，黨的(de)十八大以來，按照“兩(liang)個同步”和“兩(liang)個提(ti)高”思想，在注重提(ti)高增加(jia)居民收入同時，將(jiang)公(gong)平放在更加(jia)突出(chu)的(de)位置，不斷健全再分配調節機制，中等收入群體(ti)持續擴大，社(she)會結構進一步優(you)化。

　　改革開放后，多(duo)種生產(chan)要素參與收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)分(fen)配(pei)，居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源發生顯(xian)著變化(hua)，城鎮(zhen)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)比下(xia)降(jiang)，農村居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)上升(sheng)(sheng)。2000年，城鎮(zhen)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)人均(jun)可(ke)支配(pei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)中，工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)比降(jiang)至71.6%；農村居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)人均(jun)純收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)中，工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)比升(sheng)(sheng)至30.8%。黨的十八大以(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源更趨多(duo)元(yuan)化(hua)，財(cai)產(chan)凈(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)成(cheng)為(wei)城鎮(zhen)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)的重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)，工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)成(cheng)為(wei)農村居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)最重(zhong)要的收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源。2018年，城鎮(zhen)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)人均(jun)可(ke)支配(pei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)中，財(cai)產(chan)凈(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)比為(wei)10.3%，比2013年提高0.6個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)；工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)比為(wei)60.6%，下(xia)降(jiang)2.2個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。農村居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)人均(jun)可(ke)支配(pei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)中，工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)41.0%，比2013年提高2.3個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，高于(yu)經營(ying)凈(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)4.4個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。

　　隨著經濟(ji)發展(zhan)水平(ping)的提高(gao)，我國居民收入大(da)幅增長。報告顯示，2013-2018年，全國居民人均(jun)可支(zhi)配(pei)收入年均(jun)實(shi)際(ji)增長7.3%，快于(yu)人均(jun)GDP實(shi)際(ji)增速0.8個百分點。（記者 班(ban)娟(juan)娟(juan)）

【糾錯】

責任編輯： 王佳寧