A股上市公司(si)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)報披露接近尾聲。數(shu)據(ju)顯(xian)示，上半(ban)(ban)年(nian)受(shou)疫情、水災、外(wai)部環境變化等不(bu)利因素(su)影響，A股上市公司(si)業(ye)(ye)績(ji)整(zheng)體出現下滑。盡管如此，仍然有近半(ban)(ban)數(shu)上市公司(si)凈利潤實現逆(ni)勢(shi)增長，科創板表現強勁，中小板和創業(ye)(ye)板業(ye)(ye)績(ji)明顯(xian)回暖，彰顯(xian)中國經濟(ji)微觀端的(de)活(huo)力與韌性。

　　中小創業績明顯回暖

　　整體來(lai)看(kan)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)今年(nian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)業(ye)績(ji)下(xia)滑(hua)。Wind統計(ji)(ji)數據顯示，截至8月30日記者發稿(gao)時，滬深兩(liang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)計(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)3972家(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)公(gong)(gong)布(bu)了2020年(nian)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)報，在有(you)(you)可比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)數據的3914家(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)中，共計(ji)(ji)實(shi)現(xian)營業(ye)收入23.48萬(wan)億元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)滑(hua)2.83%；實(shi)現(xian)歸屬于母公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)股東的凈利(li)(li)潤合(he)計(ji)(ji)1.84萬(wan)億元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)下(xia)滑(hua)18%。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)述3914家(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)中，有(you)(you)769家(jia)出現(xian)虧損，較(jiao)去(qu)年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)增(zeng)長了329家(jia)；盡管如此(ci)，仍(reng)然有(you)(you)1804家(jia)企業(ye)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)凈利(li)(li)潤同(tong)比(bi)(bi)實(shi)現(xian)增(zeng)長，占比(bi)(bi)達46%。

　　從二季(ji)(ji)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)情況來看，上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司業績明顯(xian)改善。Wind統計數(shu)據(ju)(ju)顯(xian)示，2020年第二季(ji)(ji)度(du)(du)(du)，有可比較(jiao)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)3810家上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司共(gong)(gong)計實(shi)現(xian)(xian)營(ying)業收入12.76萬(wan)億元(yuan)，同比增長2.67%，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)歸屬于(yu)母公(gong)司股東的(de)(de)凈利(li)潤(run)1.01億元(yuan)，同比下滑13%。上(shang)述(shu)3810家上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司中，有631家二季(ji)(ji)度(du)(du)(du)出現(xian)(xian)虧(kui)損，較(jiao)去年同期(qi)增長113家；共(gong)(gong)計有2149家上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司二季(ji)(ji)度(du)(du)(du)凈利(li)潤(run)同比實(shi)現(xian)(xian)增長，占比達到(dao)56.4%，超過(guo)上(shang)半年10個(ge)百分(fen)點。

　　分(fen)板(ban)(ban)塊(kuai)來看，科(ke)(ke)創(chuang)板(ban)(ban)公(gong)司(si)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)強勁。有(you)可比(bi)較數據的(de)133家科(ke)(ke)創(chuang)板(ban)(ban)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)上半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共計實現(xian)營(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收入820億(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)13.84%；實現(xian)歸(gui)屬于母公(gong)司(si)股東(dong)(dong)的(de)凈(jing)(jing)利潤(run)(run)90億(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)34%。133家公(gong)司(si)中(zhong)，有(you)83家凈(jing)(jing)利潤(run)(run)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)實現(xian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)，占比(bi)達(da)到62.4%，其中(zhong)凈(jing)(jing)利潤(run)(run)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)超(chao)過100%的(de)有(you)19家，主要(yao)集中(zhong)在生物(wu)醫藥、軟(ruan)件和信息服務業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和專用設備制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。902家中(zhong)小板(ban)(ban)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)上半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共計實現(xian)營(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收入2.23萬億(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下滑0.2%；實現(xian)歸(gui)屬于母公(gong)司(si)股東(dong)(dong)的(de)凈(jing)(jing)利潤(run)(run)1696億(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)10%。827家創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)板(ban)(ban)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)上半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共計實現(xian)營(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收入6954億(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下滑0.12%；實現(xian)歸(gui)屬于母公(gong)司(si)股東(dong)(dong)的(de)凈(jing)(jing)利潤(run)(run)697億(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)14%。即使剔除(chu)溫氏(shi)股份后，創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)板(ban)(ban)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)上半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)仍然共計實現(xian)凈(jing)(jing)利潤(run)(run)655.7億(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)9%。總的(de)來看，盡管(guan)受到疫情(qing)影響，科(ke)(ke)創(chuang)板(ban)(ban)、中(zhong)小板(ban)(ban)和創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)板(ban)(ban)上半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)凈(jing)(jing)利潤(run)(run)整(zheng)體均實現(xian)正增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)，業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績改善態勢顯著(zhu)。

　　重點行業業績改善顯著

　　從(cong)重點(dian)行(xing)業的(de)表現(xian)(xian)來看，汽車(che)、機械設備、電(dian)子等重點(dian)行(xing)業二季(ji)(ji)度強勁復蘇(su)。Wind統計數(shu)據顯(xian)(xian)(xian)示，按照申萬(wan)(wan)行(xing)業分類(lei)，188家(jia)汽車(che)類(lei)上市公(gong)司(si)上半(ban)年(nian)共計實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)營(ying)業收入1.18萬(wan)(wan)億元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下(xia)滑12.4%；實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)歸屬于母公(gong)司(si)股(gu)東的(de)凈利(li)潤(run)360億元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下(xia)滑19%。從(cong)二季(ji)(ji)度的(de)數(shu)據來看，上述企業共計實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)營(ying)業收入7151億元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增長8%；實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)歸屬于母公(gong)司(si)股(gu)東的(de)凈利(li)潤(run)299億元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增長41%，業績改善顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著。來自中(zhong)汽協的(de)數(shu)據則顯(xian)(xian)(xian)示，2020年(nian)1至7月，汽車(che)制造(zao)業實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)利(li)潤(run)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)降(jiang)幅與(yu)上半(ban)年(nian)相(xiang)比(bi)呈大幅收窄，行(xing)業回暖跡(ji)象更趨明顯(xian)(xian)(xian)。1至7月，汽車(che)制造(zao)業累計實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)利(li)潤(run)2514.5億元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)5.9%，降(jiang)幅比(bi)1至6月收窄14.8個百分點(dian)，

　　機(ji)械設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、電(dian)子(zi)等行業同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)樣業績改善顯著。數據顯示，385家(jia)機(ji)械設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)類上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)共計實(shi)(shi)現(xian)營(ying)(ying)業收入(ru)(ru)6528億(yi)元，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)0.15%；實(shi)(shi)現(xian)歸屬(shu)于(yu)母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司股(gu)東(dong)的(de)(de)凈利(li)(li)(li)潤460億(yi)元，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)6%。2020年(nian)第(di)二季度，機(ji)械設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)類上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司共計實(shi)(shi)現(xian)營(ying)(ying)業收入(ru)(ru)4009億(yi)元，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)12.1%；實(shi)(shi)現(xian)歸屬(shu)于(yu)母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司股(gu)東(dong)的(de)(de)凈利(li)(li)(li)潤355億(yi)元，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增幅高達(da)45%。283家(jia)電(dian)子(zi)類上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)共計實(shi)(shi)現(xian)營(ying)(ying)業收入(ru)(ru)1.26萬億(yi)元，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)2.5%；實(shi)(shi)現(xian)歸屬(shu)于(yu)母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司股(gu)東(dong)的(de)(de)凈利(li)(li)(li)潤512億(yi)元，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)15%。2020年(nian)第(di)二季度，電(dian)子(zi)類上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司共計實(shi)(shi)現(xian)營(ying)(ying)業收入(ru)(ru)6840億(yi)元，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)8.2%；實(shi)(shi)現(xian)歸屬(shu)于(yu)母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司股(gu)東(dong)的(de)(de)凈利(li)(li)(li)潤341億(yi)元，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增幅高達(da)35%。

　　新動能不斷積聚

　　在重點行業(ye)(ye)加(jia)快復蘇的同(tong)(tong)(tong)時，5G、互聯網(wang)等經濟新(xin)動能不斷積聚(ju)。國家統計局數據顯示，1至7月，高(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)產業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長8.0%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速比(bi)上半(ban)年加(jia)快1.7個百(bai)分點。高(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長7.4%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速比(bi)上半(ban)年加(jia)快1.6個百(bai)分點。其(qi)中(zhong)，醫(yi)藥制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長14.7%，電子及通(tong)信設(she)備制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長7.3%，醫(yi)療儀器(qi)設(she)備及儀器(qi)儀表制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長4.2%。高(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)服務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長9.1%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速比(bi)上半(ban)年加(jia)快1.9個百(bai)分點。其(qi)中(zhong)，電子商務(wu)(wu)服務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長26.4%，科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)成果轉化服務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長24.4%，信息(xi)服務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長14.2%，研(yan)發(fa)設(she)計服務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長7.2%。

　　以5G為例(li)，三大運(yun)營商中報顯示，2020年上(shang)半年，三大運(yun)營商5G資本開支共(gong)889億元，完成全年計劃的47.5%。截(jie)至6月底，三大運(yun)營商累計5G基(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)數約(yue)40萬(wan)(wan)站(zhan)(zhan)，其中聯(lian)通&電(dian)信(xin)共(gong)享(xiang)共(gong)建(jian)約(yue)21萬(wan)(wan)站(zhan)(zhan)，中國(guo)移(yi)動約(yue)18.8萬(wan)(wan)站(zhan)(zhan)。從(cong)新增情況(kuang)來(lai)看(kan)，上(shang)半年三大運(yun)營商共(gong)新增5G基(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)28.8萬(wan)(wan)站(zhan)(zhan)，其中聯(lian)通&電(dian)信(xin)新增15萬(wan)(wan)站(zhan)(zhan)，中國(guo)移(yi)動新增13.8萬(wan)(wan)站(zhan)(zhan)。從(cong)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)發展情況(kuang)來(lai)看(kan)，截(jie)至6月底，中國(guo)電(dian)信(xin)5G用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)累計3784萬(wan)(wan)戶(hu)，滲透率為11.0%；中國(guo)移(yi)動5G用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)累計7019萬(wan)(wan)戶(hu)，滲透率為7.4%。

　　據(ju)工(gong)信部數據(ju)顯示，2020年上(shang)(shang)半年，我國(guo)規(gui)模以上(shang)(shang)互聯網(wang)(wang)和相關服務(wu)企(qi)業完成(cheng)(cheng)業務(wu)收入5907億(yi)(yi)元，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)14.1%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速較一(yi)季度提(ti)高12.6個百(bai)分(fen)點。上(shang)(shang)半年，全行業共實現(xian)營業利潤521.6億(yi)(yi)元，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)2.8%，扭轉一(yi)季度大幅下滑局(ju)面(mian)。上(shang)(shang)半年，互聯網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業共完成(cheng)(cheng)信息服務(wu)（包括(kuo)網(wang)(wang)絡音樂和視頻、網(wang)(wang)絡游戲、新(xin)聞(wen)信息、網(wang)(wang)絡閱讀等(deng)在內(nei)）收入3577億(yi)(yi)元，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)16.3%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速較一(yi)季度提(ti)高5.2個百(bai)分(fen)點，在互聯網(wang)(wang)業務(wu)收入中占比(bi)為(wei)60.6%。（吳黎華）

【糾錯】

責任編輯： 張樵蘇