第四章 打造優美自然生態環境
踐行生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明理念,尊重自然(ran)、順應自然(ran)、保護自然(ran),統籌城水林(lin)田淀系統治理,做(zuo)好(hao)白(bai)洋淀生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境保護,恢復“華北之腎”功能(neng);大規模植樹造林(lin),開(kai)展國土(tu)綠化(hua),構建寧(ning)靜、和(he)諧(xie)、美麗的自然(ran)環(huan)境;推動區域流域協(xie)同治理,全面提升生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境質量,建成(cheng)新(xin)時代的生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明典范城市(shi)。
第一節 實施白洋淀生態修復
恢復淀(dian)(dian)(dian)泊(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面。實施退耕還淀(dian)(dian)(dian),淀(dian)(dian)(dian)區逐步恢復至360平方(fang)公里(li)左(zuo)右(you)。建(jian)立多水(shui)(shui)(shui)源補水(shui)(shui)(shui)機(ji)制,統(tong)籌(chou)引黃入冀補淀(dian)(dian)(dian)、上游水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)及本地非常(chang)規水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源,合理調(diao)控(kong)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)泊(bo)生態水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)過程,使白洋淀(dian)(dian)(dian)正常(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位保持在6.5-7.0米。建(jian)設水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)連通工程,聯合調(diao)度安格莊、西大洋、王快、龍門(men)等上游水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量,恢復淀(dian)(dian)(dian)泊(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)動(dong)力(li)過程。
實(shi)現水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達(da)標(biao)。優化流(liu)(liu)域產(chan)業結構,加(jia)強水(shui)(shui)環境(jing)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),堅持流(liu)(liu)域“控源-截(jie)污(wu)-治(zhi)(zhi)河”系統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),實(shi)施入淀(dian)(dian)河流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)目標(biao)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),全面(mian)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)業污(wu)染源,強化城鎮、鄉村污(wu)水(shui)(shui)收(shou)集處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),有效治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)農業面(mian)源污(wu)染,打造良(liang)好河流(liu)(liu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing),確保入淀(dian)(dian)河流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達(da)標(biao)。合理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)劃定清(qing)(qing)淤(yu)范圍,科學有序實(shi)施淀(dian)(dian)內(nei)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)清(qing)(qing)淤(yu),消除內(nei)源污(wu)染,修(xiu)復水(shui)(shui)體底部(bu)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)動物(wu)棲(qi)息生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing),提升淀(dian)(dian)泊水(shui)(shui)環境(jing)質(zhi)量,將(jiang)白洋(yang)淀(dian)(dian)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)逐(zhu)步恢復到Ⅲ-Ⅳ類。
開展生(sheng)(sheng)態修復(fu)。利用自然本底優勢,結合生(sheng)(sheng)態清淤,優化淀(dian)區生(sheng)(sheng)態格局,對現有葦(wei)(wei)田荷塘進行微地貌改造和(he)(he)調控,修復(fu)多元生(sheng)(sheng)境(jing),展現白洋淀(dian)荷塘葦(wei)(wei)海(hai)自然景觀(guan)。實施(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態過程調控,恢復(fu)退化區域(yu)的原生(sheng)(sheng)水生(sheng)(sheng)植被,促進水生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)土(tu)著種增(zeng)殖(zhi)和(he)(he)種類增(zeng)加,恢復(fu)和(he)(he)保護鳥(niao)類棲息地,提高生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性,優化生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統結構,增(zeng)強白洋淀(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)態自我修復(fu)能力。
遠景(jing)規劃建(jian)設白洋淀(dian)國(guo)家公(gong)園。完善(shan)生(sheng)物(wu)資源(yuan)保護策略,保護淀(dian)區獨(du)特的(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)境(jing)和景(jing)觀,保持淀(dian)區濕地生(sheng)態系統(tong)完整性,努力(li)建(jian)成人與自(zi)然和諧共生(sheng)的(de)試驗(yan)區和科普教育基地。
創新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理。優化完(wan)善白洋淀及上游生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理機制,加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態空間管(guan)(guan)(guan)控體系建(jian)設,實施智能(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態管(guan)(guan)(guan)控,全(quan)面建(jian)成與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文明(ming)發展要求(qiu)相適應的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理模(mo)式。
第二節 加強生態環境建設
構建(jian)(jian)(jian)新區生(sheng)態(tai)安全格局。規劃建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)“一(yi)淀、三(san)帶、九片(pian)、多(duo)廊”,形成林城(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)融、林水(shui)相(xiang)(xiang)依(yi)的生(sheng)態(tai)城(cheng)市。“一(yi)淀”即開展白洋淀環(huan)(huan)(huan)境治理和(he)生(sheng)態(tai)修復(fu),恢復(fu)“華北之(zhi)腎”功能(neng);“三(san)帶”即建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)環(huan)(huan)(huan)淀綠(lv)化(hua)帶、環(huan)(huan)(huan)起步區綠(lv)化(hua)帶、環(huan)(huan)(huan)新區綠(lv)化(hua)帶,優化(hua)城(cheng)淀之(zhi)間、組(zu)團(tuan)之(zhi)間和(he)新區與周邊區域之(zhi)間的生(sheng)態(tai)空間結構;“九片(pian)”即在城(cheng)市組(zu)團(tuan)間和(he)重要生(sheng)態(tai)涵(han)養區建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)九片(pian)大型森林斑塊,增(zeng)強碳匯能(neng)力和(he)生(sheng)物多(duo)樣性保護功能(neng);“多(duo)廊”即沿新區主要河流和(he)交通(tong)干線(xian)兩側建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)多(duo)條綠(lv)色生(sheng)態(tai)廊道,發揮護藍、增(zeng)綠(lv)、通(tong)風、降(jiang)塵(chen)等(deng)作(zuo)用。
開(kai)展大規(gui)模(mo)植(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)造(zao)林(lin)。采用(yong)近(jin)自(zi)然綠化及多種(zhong)混交方(fang)式,突出鄉土樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)和(he)地(di)方(fang)特色,在新區綠化帶及生態廊道建設生態防護(hu)林(lin)和(he)景(jing)觀生態林(lin),形成平原林(lin)網體系,實現生態空間的互(hu)(hu)聯互(hu)(hu)通。開(kai)展大規(gui)模(mo)國土綠化行(xing)動,將新區森林(lin)覆蓋率由現狀的11%提高到40%。
塑(su)造高品質城區生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境。建(jian)設城市通風廊道,構造城淀局地氣流微(wei)循環(huan)系(xi)統(tong),將(jiang)白洋淀涼(liang)爽空氣輸送(song)到(dao)城市中(zhong)心。構建(jian)由大(da)型郊(jiao)野生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)公(gong)(gong)園、大(da)型綜合公(gong)(gong)園及社區公(gong)(gong)園組成的宜人便民公(gong)(gong)園體系(xi),實現森林(lin)環(huan)城、濕地入(ru)城,3公(gong)(gong)里進(jin)森林(lin),1公(gong)(gong)里進(jin)林(lin)帶,300米進(jin)公(gong)(gong)園,街道100%林(lin)蔭化,綠化覆蓋率達(da)到(dao)50%。
提升(sheng)區(qu)域生(sheng)態(tai)安全保障(zhang)。構建銜(xian)接(jie)“太行(xing)山(shan)脈-渤海灣”和(he)“京南(nan)生(sheng)態(tai)綠楔-拒(ju)馬河(he)-白洋淀”生(sheng)態(tai)廊(lang)道(dao),形成連山(shan)通(tong)海、南(nan)北交融的區(qu)域生(sheng)態(tai)安全格局。實施重要(yao)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)保護(hu)和(he)修復(fu)工程,優化生(sheng)態(tai)安全屏障(zhang)體系(xi),提升(sheng)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)質量。
第三節 開展環境綜合治理
推動區(qu)域環境(jing)協同治理(li)。新區(qu)及(ji)周邊和(he)(he)上游地(di)區(qu)協同制(zhi)定(ding)產(chan)(chan)業政(zheng)策,實行負面清單制(zhi)度,依法關停、嚴禁新建高污染(ran)、高耗能(neng)企(qi)業和(he)(he)項(xiang)目。提升傳統(tong)產(chan)(chan)業的清潔生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、節能(neng)減排(pai)(pai)和(he)(he)資(zi)源綜(zong)合(he)(he)利用水平,加強(qiang)生(sheng)態保護和(he)(he)環境(jing)整治,強(qiang)化綜(zong)合(he)(he)監管。集中清理(li)整治散亂污企(qi)業、農(nong)村生(sheng)活垃圾和(he)(he)工(gong)業固體廢棄物。開(kai)展地(di)下水環境(jing)調查評估,全面開(kai)展滲(shen)坑(keng)、排(pai)(pai)污溝渠綜(zong)合(he)(he)整治。
改善大(da)氣(qi)(qi)環境質量。優化能(neng)源消費結構,終端能(neng)源消費全(quan)部為清(qing)潔能(neng)源。嚴(yan)格控制移動(dong)源污染,實(shi)行國(guo)內最嚴(yan)格的(de)機動(dong)車排(pai)放標準,嚴(yan)格監管非道(dao)路移動(dong)源;鞏固(gu)農村(cun)清(qing)潔取暖工程效(xiao)果,實(shi)現新區散煤“清(qing)零”;構建過程全(quan)覆蓋、管理(li)(li)全(quan)方位、責(ze)任全(quan)鏈條的(de)建筑施工揚塵(chen)治(zhi)理(li)(li)體系。根據區域大(da)氣(qi)(qi)傳輸影響規律,在石家莊-保定-北京大(da)氣(qi)(qi)傳輸帶上(shang),系統治(zhi)理(li)(li)區域大(da)氣(qi)(qi)環境。
嚴守(shou)土壤環境安(an)全(quan)底(di)線。落實土壤污(wu)染防治行動(dong)計劃,推進(jin)固體(ti)廢物堆存(cun)場所(suo)排(pai)查整治,加強污(wu)染源防控、檢測、治理(li),確保(bao)土壤環境安(an)全(quan)。